藏柏林营造试验初报

1989年，在开县国有毛垭林场海拔1000 m处，进行藏柏采种林营造试验。经23年观测，藏柏在该处能正常生长发育。第4年有极少数单株挂果，种子无发芽力；第5年结的种子，发芽率为2％；第6年结的种子发芽率为33％。藏柏平均年生长高为88 cm，胸径为1.1 cm，超过当地乡土树种马尾松和杉木的生长量。     

墨西哥柏实生种子园营建及其优树子代测定的研究

通过种子园与子代测定相结合的方式,在位于滇中的石林林场建立了含102个优树(家系)的墨西哥柏实生种子园,从中探讨了墨西哥柏实生种子园的营建途径。对该种子园的52个墨西哥柏自由授粉优树子代测定的结果表明,墨西哥柏速生,10年生树高、胸径、材积、冠幅的年均生长量分别为1.04 m、1.43 cm、0.009 6m3和0.22 m。生长性状和结实性状家系间的差异达显著水平。树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、结实量的家系遗传力分别为0.76、0.66、0.68、0.74和0.65,单株遗传力分别为0.27、0.16、0.18、0.23和0.16,其生长性状和结实性状呈显著的负相关。从该种子园中评选出了9个优良家系,22个优良单株,其材积遗传增益平均为13.47%和25.2%。此外,还揭示了墨西哥柏10年生期间的生长规律。     

一种新的估测林木现存量数学模型的探讨

本文利用相关系数(r)和剩余标准差(SD),探讨了6种不同数学模型估测柏木人工林现存量的效果。发现方程W=a+b_1D+b_2D~1+b_3DH+b_4H+b_5H~2是估测干材、树皮、枝、叶、根、地上部分、地下部分和全株现存量的最优模型,而且普遍适用于不同立地类型、林型和年龄的林分。并且对不同器官估测效果优劣进行了比较,结论是:干材>枝>叶>树皮>根。     

Genetic differences between autochthonous and breeding populations of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece

Individuals were selected for resistance against the imperfect fungus Seiridium cardinale Wag in six common cypress populations (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. A total of 109 resistant clones and 140 trees from their base populations were surveyed at several allozyme loci. The comparison yielded information on changes in genetic variation due to artificial selection. The genetic structure of the breeding populations was similar to their base populations. Nevertheless, the number of rare alleles among the resistant clones had decreased, showing a similar trend at most loci and for most comparisons. Possible implications for breeding strategies are discussed.     

Phellinus torulosus on Cupressus sempervirens in Italy

Phellinus torulosus was reported for the first time on Cupressus sempervirens in Tuscany, Italy. This fungus causes white rot in roots and stems and may also invade and kill the cortical tissue. The invasion of trees by the fungus and its subsequent spread is probably facilitated by fire scars.     

昆明动物园野生小白鹭营巢高度选择与营巢材料研究

对昆明动物园内干香柏树上营巢的野生小白鹭进行研究,测算其最低适宜营巢枝干和实际最低营巢枝干占树高的百分比,并检测两者的差异显著性。结果表明,实际营巢高度与适宜营巢高度占树高百分比存在显著差异,可能因为亲鸟为避免来自地面的干扰,选择离地较高的位置繁育后代。通过分析坠落鸟巢的构成材料,发现其由268根植物枝条构成,其中91%为干香柏,与主要营巢树一致,说明此地可能由于提供丰富的营巢材料而被鹭群选择成为繁殖地。建议公园积极加强野生涉禽的科学管理,降低繁殖区内及周边的干扰。     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

柏木属引种研究

柏木属为常绿乔木。现已定名有24种。分布在北半球。美洲从俄勒冈到墨西哥,欧亚大陆从地中海地区到中国喜马拉雅山地。中国原产有5种。江苏从1930年以来已栽培有8个种和10多个不同种源。墨西哥柏危地马拉种源生长最快,但树冠大,干型较弯曲。墨西哥柏肯尼亚①,②,③3个种源生长快,树冠紧凑,干型通直。绿子柏和垂柏比墨西哥柏耐寒性强。本文同时介绍了柏木属的种子和扦插育苗技术。     

柏木播种与嫁接育苗技术

总结了近年来柏木播种与嫁接育苗技术研究。采用播种育苗方式培育苗木,技术简单,成本低,适宜于大山造林;但实生苗开花结实晚,不能尽快满足森林工程造林用种需求,开展柏木嫁接育苗可提早开花结实年龄,为柏木良种选育提供性状稳定的育种材料。     

墨西哥柏幼苗生长和光合生理对氮沉降的响应

选取2年生墨西哥柏幼苗为试验对象,以NH4NO3为外加氮源,通过模拟氮沉降试验,研究其生长和光合生理对氮增加的响应.结果表明:幼苗在高氮水平处理下其生长不断受到抑制,而在中氮水平处理下,幼苗生长不断得到促进.随着施氮浓度增加,墨西哥柏幼苗的根质量和根长均降低,表明氮处理抑制根的生长,分配到根部分的生物量下降.幼苗的净光合速率呈现出随氮处理浓度增加而先增加后降低的趋势,即中氮组的净光合速率最高,而高氮组开始逐渐下降.幼苗的水分利用效率变化趋势与净光合速率一致.幼苗叶片光合色素含量随氮处理水平增加而增加.说明短期内中氮水平对幼苗生长和光合作用影响最显著,而高氮水平对幼苗光合色素影响最显著.